On the 3D Reconstruction of Coastal Structures by Unmanned Aerial Systems with Onboard Global Navigation Satellite System and Real-Time Kinematics and Terrestrial Laser Scanning

A wide variety of hard structures protect coastal activities and communities from the action tides waves worldwide. It is fundamental to monitor integrity structures, as interventions repairs may be needed in case damages. This work compares effectiveness an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) reproduce 3D geometry rocky groin. The Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique applied on drone images generated point cloud Digital Surface Model (DSM) without data gaps. Even though TLS returned four times denser than one, DSM which was not representing about 16% groin (data gaps). due occlusions encountered by low-lying scans determined displaced rocks composing Given also that survey UAS eight time faster TLS, SFM-MV most suitable reconstruct remote sensing can considered valid alternative all types improve inspection likely damages, support structure management.